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Authors
Ling, Rui
Seok, Eunsil
Encarnacion, Sarai
Kapoor, Vasuda
Liu, Mengling
Afanasyeva, Yelena
Lala, Shailee
Vokshi, Fjolla Hyseni
Liu, Jie
Malaga-Dieguez, Laura
Trasande, Leonardo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES032214)
NIH Office of the Director (UG3/UH3OD023305)
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Article History
Received: 5 September 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 14 April 2026
Declarations
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: The NYU CHES study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the NYU Grossman School of Medicine. All participants in CHES were informed about the study’s objectives, risks, and the voluntary nature of their participation. All maternal participants provided written informed consent at the time of enrollment and additional consent for postpartum follow-up.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
