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Article History

Received: 4 October 2025

Accepted: 3 April 2026

First Online: 14 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and it was approved by the Ethics Review Board of the South Karelia Hospital District and the research Ethics Committee of the University of Helsinki (HUS/2203/2018). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

: Not applicable.

: J. Sinkko: Grants from Finnish Kidney Foundation, Viipuri Tuberculosis Foundation, Antti Matikka Foundation and Finnish Cultural Foundation, and a lecture fee from Duodecim. JT: Support for attending meetings and/or travel from International Diabetes Federation and East African Diabetes Study Group, stock or stock options from Orion Pharma, Aktivolabs and Digostics, and leadership of the World Community for Prevention of Diabetes (President). HU: Support from Elsemay Björn Fund. PF: Grants from Finska läkaresällskapet, Liv och Hälsa and Finnish governmental research funding, consulting fees from Astellas, and a lecture fee from Boehringer-Ingelheim. Other authors declare that they have no competing interests.