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Authors
Shouman, Marwa
Jaffa, Ayad A.
Jaffa, Miran A.
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethics approval was deemed unnecessary by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the American University of Beirut (AUB) since the BRFSS data used as the sample population in this study is fully de-identified and publicly available at the CDC website. In the original BRFSS study all participants provided informed consent, and appropriate measures were taken to safeguard the privacy and confidentiality of their data through de-identification methods. This study was carried out in agreement with the 2013 revised version of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable. This study used publicly available, de-identified data from the BRFSS, and no individual consent for publication was required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
