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Authors
Kächele, Martin
Bettac, Lucas
Dreyhaupt, Jens
Schulte-Kemna, Lena
Schröppel, Bernd
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Ulm
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study design was evaluated by the local ethic committee (Ulm University Ethics committee, 30/JAN/2024). The necessity of an ethics approval and for informed consent was waived by the committee, as - according to German national law (Section 15 of the German Medical Association’s professional code of conduct) - research using anonymized data does not require consent. Participation was voluntary; completing the survey implies consent.
: Not applicable.
: MK is member and vice chair of the commission “dialysis access/ interventional nephrology” of the German Society of Nephrology. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
