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Authors
Wu, Liang
Chang, Dong-Yuan
Zhao, Ming-Hui
Tang, Sydney C.W.
Chen, Min
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Fund (82200794)
National Natural Science Fund (82090020)
National Natural Science Fund (82270754)
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Article History
Received: 15 January 2026
Accepted: 24 June 2026
First Online: 29 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The investigation was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Peking University First Hospital. The C-STRIDE cohort study was approved under approval number 2011[363], and the use of EMR data was approved under approval number 2017 − 1280. The biological sample donors signed informed consent forms, agreeing that the donated samples and related information could be used for all medical research. Given the retrospective, observational design of this analysis, which used only anonymized clinical data without any intervention or re-contact with patients, the Institutional Review Board of Peking University First Hospital granted a waiver of informed consent and conducted a new ethics review specifically for this study, with approval number 2025R0541.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
