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Authors
Ou, Qing
He, Dan
Yan, Wenjuan
Shi, Xiuying
Zhang, LengZhen
Tang, Li
Li, Yucheng
Fan, Zhiyong
Liu, Yanan
Yu, Ranghui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Southern Medical University Nursing Research Special Fund (Y2025015)
The Dongguan Science and Technology of Social Development Program (20221800906072)
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2026
Accepted: 8 July 2026
First Online: 16 July 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanfang Hospital (NFEC-2026-265) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of Nanfang Hospital waived the requirement for informed consent due to the study’s retrospective nature.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
