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Authors
Kamal, Rashed https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1376-8246
Elewa, Mohamed
Sevinc, Mustafa
Carpio-Gonzalez, Isabella
Meghji, Mohammed
Kanigicherla, Durga
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Article History
Received: 19 April 2026
Accepted: 14 July 2026
First Online: 13 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This project was conducted within a UK tertiary NHS Trust as part of a service evaluation. Under the Health Research Authority’s UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research and Governance Arrangements for Research Ethics Committees, such activity is not classified as research and does not require NHS REC review. Identifiable data were only accessed by clinicians with routine care access and anonymised before analysis, and in line with HRA information-governance guidance, individual consent was not required. The work was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
