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Authors
Raju, Arun Prasath
Naithani, Priyanka
Kenwar, Deepesh
Singh, Sarbpreet
SP, Shiva Kumar
Atri, Savita Verma
Kumar, Vivek
Agarwal, Anjali
Attur, Ravindra Prabhu
Rao, Mahadev
Sharma, Ashish
Pattanaik, Smita
Mallayasamy, Surulivelrajan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
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Article History
Received: 11 May 2026
Accepted: 15 July 2026
First Online: 22 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The primary prospective study for data collection was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh (Reference number: INT/IEC/2022/SPL-942/23.08.2022). Subsequently, the secondary predictive performance analysis using de-identified data was approved as a separate study by the Institute Collaborative Research Committee (Reference number: PGI/ICRC/2023/601/01.03.2023). All participants provided informed consent to participate in the primary study, and the secondary analysis was conducted using de-identified datasets.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
