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Article History

Received: 20 April 2026

Accepted: 10 August 2026

First Online: 12 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethicalstandards. This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital (2016-113). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Consent for publication: Not applicable. This study used aggregated, anonymized data from medical records. No individual participant data are presented.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.