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Authors
Hanna, Ramy M.
Abdelnour, Lama
Gee, Caroline
Tadros, Mina
Ammary, Fawaz Al
Ahdoot, Rebecca S.
Chang, Yongen
Arman, Farid
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2026
Accepted: 9 September 2026
First Online: 15 September 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: This study is a retrospective review of published literature and did not involve human subjects, the collection of identifiable data, or any experimental interventions. As such, UC Irvine Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was not required. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Declaration of Istanbul based on the literature cited.
Consent for publication: This study was a retrospective review of published literature and did not involve human subjects; thus, consent for publication was not applicable.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this manuscript are the authors’ and not an official position of their respective institutions.
Competing interests: Ramy Hanna serves on the speaker’s bureau, consultant team, or clinical trial principal investigator for following: Apellis/Biogen, Alexion/AstraZeneca, Calliditas, Vera, Vertex, Natera, Roche, Sanofi/Aventis, RemeGen, and Novartis. Lama Abdelnour serves as a consultant or clinical trial principal investigor for the following: Otsuka, Vertex, Apellis, Travere, Calliditas, and Novartis. Caroline Gee: no disclosures. Mina Tadrous: no disclosures. Fawaz Al Ammary: no disclosures. Rebecca S Ahdoot: no disclosures. Yongen Chang serves on the speaker’s bureau and consultant team of the following: Calliditas, Folia, RenaSight, Amygen, Appelis, Gather-Ed, Haymarket Media, Travere, and Otsuka. Previously served as principal investigator for Novartis (trial ended). Farid Arman: Serves on the advisory board of Calliditas, Travere, and AbbVie. Serves on the speaker’s bureau of Keenova and Natera.
