Updates are available Correction dated 2025-03-22

Article History

Received: 7 November 2024

Accepted: 25 February 2025

First Online: 5 March 2025

Change Date: 23 March 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: Part of the legend of Figure 3 is placed in the text of the discussion section. This is now corrected.

Change Date: 22 March 2025

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04141-4

Declarations

:

: This study complied with personal data protection laws and human research guidelines and was approved by the ethics committee of our institution, the Ethics and Research Committee of the Principality of Asturias, with the code CEImPA 2023.120. Our dataset is not publicly available. To carry out our project, we requested and obtained a waiver of informed consent due to the nature of the study, which was explicitly approved by the ethics committee. This waiver specifically included the renunciation of the requirement for participants to sign informed consent forms. The committee recommended restricting access to the data, as there may be sensitive information that could compromise the anonymity of the participants. If the editorial committee or readers of our work wish to have direct access to the dataset, we recommend that they contact the Ethics and Research Committee of the Principality of Asturias (ceim.asturias@asturias.org). Our institution’s committee will attend to any requests in this regard, in accordance with local ethical policies and procedures.

: Not applicable. The Ethics and Research Committee of the Principality of Asturias has waived the requirement for informed consent for publication based on the use of anonymized data that does not compromise participant privacy.

: Pedro Oliva-Nacarino has received lecture honoraria and consultancy fees from Almirall, Biogen Idec, Bristol Myers, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, and Teva.Marina Simal Antuña has no conflicts of interest.Carmen Santos Varela has no conflicts of interest.Javier Villafani Echazú has received lecture honoraria and consultancy fees from Almirall, Biogen Idec, Bristol Myers, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, and Teva.Jessica Fernández Domínguez has received lecture honoraria from Biogen Idec, Merck, and Sanofi.Raquel García Rodríguez has received lecture honoraria from Biogen, Idec, and Sanofi.Agustín Oterino Durán has received consultancy fees from Novartis, Sanofi, Merck, and Allergan, and has received research grants from Merck, Novartis, and Bristol.Patricia Suarez Santos has no conflicts of interest.Miguel Ángel Llaneza González has received lecture honoraria and consultancy fees from Almirall, Bayer, Biogen Idec, Bristol Myers, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Teva, and Viatris.