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Authors
Chen, Yu-Ming https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2154-5574
Wang, Jen-Hung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4946-8064
Liang, Chih-Sung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-5586
Lin, Yu-Kai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8995-8375
Yang, Fu-Chi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6831-3634
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH-D-113108 and TSGH-D114105, TSGH-D-113108 and TSGH-D114105, TSGH-D-113108 and TSGH-D114105)
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Article History
Received: 8 January 2025
Accepted: 28 March 2025
First Online: 11 April 2025
Declarations
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: The protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, on November 11, 2024 (IRB approval number: REC No.:IRB113-201-B). The Research Ethics Committee of Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation explicitly waived the need for obtaining informed consent from participants (waiver approval documented in the same IRB approval: REC No.:IRB113-201-B). This waiver was granted because our study involved retrospective secondary data analysis from an existing clinical database without any direct interaction with participants, in compliance with Taiwan’s national regulations on human research ethics for retrospective chart reviews. This study was conducted in full accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
