Ismail, Youssef A.
Auf, Huda A.
Sadik, Shahd A.
Ahmed, Nada M.
Ali, Yasmeen
Article History
Received: 22 August 2024
Accepted: 10 April 2025
First Online: 23 September 2025
Declarations
:
: Written informed consents were obtained from participants at each ADRC and approved by each ADRC’s IRB. The need for ethics approval was waived as the data used in this study were obtained from a de-identified dataset, which does not meet the definition of human subjects’ research under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulations (45 CFR 46). Therefore, IRB approval was not required. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study analysis was exempt from IRB review in accordance with federal regulation criteria.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.