Jiao, Pengcheng
Liu, Yixuan
Yu, Huiqian
Funding for this research was provided by:
the 2023 Fudan Clinical Scientist Training Program, the Excellent Doctors-Excellent Clinical Researchers Program (SYB202008)
the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (STCSM) Science and Technology Innovation Program (21Y31900500)
the National Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (21ZR1411800)
Article History
Received: 2 January 2025
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The original CHARLS was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University, and all the participants from CHARLS provided signed informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.