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Authors
Pei, Hua
Su, Jiao
Li, Jingjing
Liang, Yuanhao
He, Xiaofeng
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Accepted: 25 July 2025
First Online: 27 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in full accordance with the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) Free-of-Charge Non-commercial User Agreement and Privacy Policy. It is based on publicly available, de-identified data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, which adheres to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. As the study did not involve individual-level data or direct human participation, ethical approval and informed consent were not required. The GBD Study has received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Washington.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
