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Authors
Liu, Xingyu
Luo, Dongliang
Zhang, Peng
Tian, Di
Liu, Wei
Jia, Liyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Second Medical University Graduate Research Innovation Fund Project (2022-25)
Shandong Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Project (202204040712)
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Article History
Received: 28 September 2024
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable.This study follows the Helsinki Declaration and the usage specification of public databases, and all data are from anonymous data sets of TCGA and CGGA. TCGA and CGGA belong to public databases. The patients involved in the database have obtained ethical approval. Users can download relevant data for research and publish relevant articles for free. Our research is based on open source data, so there are no ethical issues and other conflicts of interest. Such secondary data analysis does not require additional ethical approval.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
