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Authors
Zhu, Yu
Zhou, Ning
Liang, Renrui
Yang, Jian-Jun
Zhou, Cheng-Mao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangdong Medical Research Fund (B2023054, B2023054, B2023054)
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Article History
Received: 10 March 2024
Accepted: 7 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
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: The patient information comes from the public Biostudies database. As the original data contains anonymized personal information of patients and our study is a secondary analysis of previously collected data. Using public databases for secondary analysis does not require ethical approval or informed consent, as per Article 32 of China’s National Health Commission’s Document No. 2023/4. The Ethics Committee of Zhanjiang Central People’s Hospital also granted an exemption for the ethical review of this study, as it is a secondary analysis research involving publicly accessible databases.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
