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Authors
Zamani, Mohammad Reza
Shahabi, Aida
Imani, Behzad
Abdolmaleki, Sajjad
Abdi, Alireza
Zandi, Shirdel
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Article History
Received: 7 April 2025
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (Ethics Code: IR.UMSHA.REC.1402.290). Literate participants provided written informed consent. In contrast, illiterate participants provided oral informed consent through a standardized process in which a neutral witness read the consent form aloud and signed it as confirmation of their complete understanding and voluntary participation. To ensure the rights of all participants, we adhered strictly to the Declaration of Helsinki at all stages of the study design and implementation, ensuring compliance with all ethical standards outlined in the declaration and its subsequent amendments.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
