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Authors
Fan, Mingchao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-5816
Xiong, Xuehua
Li, Shifang
Cheng, Lei
Feng, Yugong
Wang, Qiaoling
Yang, Guifeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Clinical Medicine + X Research Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (QDFY + X 2023144)
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Article History
Received: 19 June 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: The research protocol was approved by the local institutional review board and the Human Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (Approval number: QYFY-WZLL-30419). Informed consent was provided by the patients’ guardians. The study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and the related laws and regulations. The privacy rights of human subjects always be observed.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: We confirmed that the manuscript complies with all instructions to authors. The authorship requirements have been met, and the final manuscript was approved by all authors. This manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal.
