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Article History

Received: 19 May 2025

Accepted: 26 September 2025

First Online: 5 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was submitted to and approved by the Ethics Committee of Liaoyang Central Hospital (Approval No.: 2025041122). In accordance with the “Regulations on Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Beings” and the standards of the Ethics Committee of Liaoyang Central Hospital (AF/SW-08/01.1), the requirement for written informed consent was waived due to the nature of this study as a retrospective analysis based on de-identified clinical data. The study poses no more than minimal risk to participants, does not involve sensitive personal information, and does not involve commercial interests. Therefore, the need for written informed consent was deemed unnecessary by the committee.Additionally, this study adheres to the Declaration of Helsinki ( ), ensuring that all research activities involving human participants are conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the declaration.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.