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Authors
Li, Siying
Mo, Fei
Huang, Xiongjie
Yang, Zekai
Liang, Lingyu
Liang, Yanling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangdong Medical Research Foundation (A2021277)
Henan Zhongyuan Medical Science and Technology Innovation and Development Foundation, Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management Open Fund (ZYYC2024MB)
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: This research study conformed to the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study conformed to the institutional ethical standards.This study was a secondary analysis. The data is available from PPMI database ( ), accession number: ciwinglee@126.com. Since this is a secondary analysis using a public database, our ethics committee (The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.) has exempted us from ethical examination and approval.
: Not applicable.
: The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties. Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.
: The authors declare no competing interests
