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Article History

Received: 18 October 2024

Accepted: 30 October 2025

First Online: 10 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study is a systematic review and pooled analysis. The included data mainly come from the publicly published aggregate data. As this study did not involve direct contact or intervention with the original research participants and all the data used were publicly published, anonymized aggregated information, it was determined by the ethics committee of this institution that no ethical approval was required. If unpublished aggregated data or individual participant data (IPD) are requested from the original author during the research process and provided, we will only use such data after signing an appropriate data sharing/usage agreement and obtaining original ethical approval or confirming original consent to cover secondary analysis when necessary. All received IPDs will undergo de-identification processing immediately upon receipt (removing identifiable information such as name, ID number, and precise address) and will only be used for the purposes of this study. The methodology and analysis plan of this study has been pre-registered in PROSPERO: CRD42024551332 (06/06/2024).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.