Gu, Linting
Chen, Sheng
Yang, Zhenkun
Liu, Yang
Zhong, Ziyi
Chen, Yang
Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The BIDMC’s Institutional Review Board has authorized the use of this database without obtaining individual consent and approved the sharing plan. All procedures conducted in this study involving human participants were following the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All the data used in this study were anonymized before its use. Since our study included retrospective cases, there was no additional intervention, and all patient information was desensitized, and the need for written informed consent was waived.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.