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Authors
Lu, Wenli https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4418-4418
Zhu, Shengnan
Chen, Ran
Yang, Li
Qiang, Jing
Ji, Liya
Li, Cheng
Zhou, Dan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-5276
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nanjing medical science and technology development fund (ZKX24064)
Nanjing medical science and technology development fund (ZKX24064)
Nanjing medical science and technology development fund (ZKX24064)
Nanjing medical science and technology development fund (ZKX24064)
Nanjing medical science and technology development fund (ZKX24064)
Nanjing medical science and technology development fund (ZKX24064)
Nanjing medical science and technology development fund (ZKX24064)
Nanjing medical science and technology development fund (ZKX24064)
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Article History
Received: 29 June 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (No. R2024-KL022). All participants provided written informed consent. In cases where participants lacked decision-making capacity due to cognitive impairment, written informed consent was obtained from their legally authorized representatives (legal guardians or healthcare proxies).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
