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Authors
Jiao, Fengmei
Li, Guiting
Bian, Wen
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Article History
Received: 20 January 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study received approval from the Hospital Review Board and Ethics Committee of Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital (Approval No. 2024-038-01) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent for this retrospective study was waived due to the use of de-identified patient data, posing no potential harm or impact on patient care.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
