Yan, Chaoying
Wu, Haoyu
Xie, Hang
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (2023-JC-QN-0928)
Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
:
: CHARLS obtained authorization from the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (approval numbers: IRB00001052-11015 for the household survey and IRB00001052-11014 for blood specimens), and all participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.