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Article History

Received: 23 August 2025

Accepted: 24 December 2025

First Online: 2 January 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures were performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki and ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee from The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University. All participants gave written informed consent. In the case of participants with cognitive decline, the legal guardian or an appropriate representative of these participants provided informed consent on their behalf.

: The patients gave written informed consent for their personal or clinical details along with any identifying images to be published in this study. In the case of participants with memory disorders, written informed consent for publication of clinical details and/or clinical images was obtained from the family of the patient.

: The authors declare no competing interests.