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Article History

Received: 8 January 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 7 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the ethics committee of Upper Austria (EK Nr. 1112/2018) and Salzburg (EK Nr. 415-E/2419/4-2018). Informed patient consent for participation was sought for prospective follow-up. No experiments on humans were performed for this study, nor were human tissue samples used. The study was performed in accordance with the 2024 Declaration of Helsinki.

: Participants/ patients gave written informed consent for their personal and clinical details to be published.

: Tim J von Oertzen has received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, or manuscript writing support from Angelini Pharma, Eisai, GW Pharmaceuticals, Jazz Pharma, Livanova, and UCB Pharma and has served on advisory boards for Angelini Pharma, Arvelle Therapeutics, GW Pharmaceuticals, Jazz Pharma, and Zogenix Pharma outside the submitted work. Judith Wagner has received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, or travel grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Roche Austria GmbH, and UCB Pharma AG and has served on advisory boards for Janssen-Cilag GmbH and Novartis Pharma GmbH outside the submitted work. Daniel Schwarzenhofer reports an unrestricted grant by Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. Eugen Trinka reports personal fees from EVER Pharma, Marinus, Arvelle, Angelini, Argenx, Medtronic, Biocodex, Bial-Portela & Cª, NewBridge, GL Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, LivaNova, Eisai, Epilog, UCB, Biogen, Sanofi, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, and Actavis. His institution received grants from Biogen, UCB Pharma, Eisai, Red Bull, Merck, Bayer, the European Union, FWF Österreichischer Fond zur Wissenschaftsforderung, Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, and Jubiläumsfond der Österreichischen Nationalbank.All other authors report no conflicts of interest.