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Authors
Chen, Ching-Jung
Hung, Chia-Hao
Hsiao, Fu-Chih
Lin, Chia-Pin
Hsu, Tzyy-Jer
Chu, Pao-Hsien https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-6348
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
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Article History
Received: 21 September 2025
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study using de-identified administrative claims data was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (IRB number: 202400145B0). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the IRB. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Not applicable (retrospective analysis of de-identified data; consent waived by the IRB).
: Not applicable (no individual person’s data, images, or videos are included).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
