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Authors
Xu, Yuzeng
Zhu, Xiaoyong
Lu, Wenying
Yao, Shengjie
Ni, Lifeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Xiaoshan District Science and Technology Plan Guidance Project (Plan No.2022335)
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Article History
Received: 24 November 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 7 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital (Approval No. 2025010). All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.The MIMIC-IV database, which de-identifies patient records, has been approved by the institutional ethics review boards of both MIT and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and is exempt from the requirement for informed consent. The information of all patients was anonymized prior to extraction and data analysis, thereby waiving the requirement for individual patient consent. This study adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.Lifeng Ni was authorized to access the database after completing online training and assessments, as evidenced by certification number 65512516.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
