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Authors
Liu, Xu
Xu, Hua
Han, Xiuyan
Zhang, Qinli
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Faculty Scientific Research Fund of Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College (HPYJ202409)
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Article History
Received: 30 November 2025
Accepted: 16 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The data utilized were from the publicly available, de-identified MIMIC-IV database, the creation of which was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with a waiver of individual patient consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
