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Authors
Yadessa, Fekadu
Berhane, Fitsum
Abdulahi, Mohammednur
Abebaw, Samrawit
Abas, Waritu
Worku, Betelhem
Banjaw, Roba
Benti, Bati
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 22 April 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Dire Dawa University Institutional Review Board (Ref. DDU-IRB-SGS/24/0199). The IRB granted a waiver of informed consent because the research involved a retrospective review of medical records and posed no risk to patients. The waiver was granted in accordance with Ethiopian national research regulations and the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was conducted in full compliance with these guidelines, ensuring the protection and confidentiality of all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
