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Authors
Alkhamis, Fahad
Alabdali, Majed M.
Alamri, Abdullah S.
Alali, Rudaynah
Habara, Alawi H.
Akhtar, Mohammed S.
Alkhamis, Shahad F
Rophina, Mercy
Alkhudair, Abdullah M.
Vatte, Chittibabu
Keating, Brendan
Al-Ali, Amein K
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia (2016-158-Med)
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Article History
Received: 30 December 2025
Accepted: 23 April 2026
First Online: 5 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University Institutional Review Board (IRB) committees (IRB# 2025-01-0207).The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants included in the study. Written informed consent was obtained using an English consent form with a verified Arabic translation. For adult participants who were unable to provide informed consent due to stroke-related cognitive and/or physical impairment, informed consent to participate was obtained from a legal guardian or an appropriate representative (next of kin) on the participant’s behalf. No waiver of consent was granted or applied.
: All authors have give their consent for publication of this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
