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Authors
Ahmad, Bilal
Adams, Matthew
Javed, Iram
Tariq, Muhammad
Muhammad, Anees
Harrold, Laura
Almond, Rebecca J.
Ubeyratna, Nishanka
Sarwar, Muhammad Tahir
Leslie, Joseph S.
Crosby, Andrew H.
Baple, Emma L.
Rawlins, Lettie E.
Qasim, Muhammad
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Exeter Biomedical Research Centre
Higher Education Commision, Pakistan (Ref. No. 20-16396/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2021-2020)
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Article History
Received: 23 December 2025
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 5 June 2026
Declarations
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: Study protocols received approval from the Ethical Review Committee of Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan (Approval No. GCUF/ERC/307), and from the Ethical Committee and Advanced Studies and Research Board at Khyber Medical University, Pakistan (IRB00013852). Written informed consent was obtained from all participating individuals or their legal guardians before their inclusion in the study. For participants younger than sixteen years of age, informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians. All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Families were recruited through local clinicians, who conducted a detailed clinical assessment.
: Written informed consent for publication of clinical details and/or genetic findings was obtained from all adult participants. For participants under 18 years of age, written informed consent for publication was obtained from their parents or legal guardians.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
