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Article History

Received: 2 March 2026

Accepted: 24 June 2026

First Online: 9 July 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments of comparable ethical standards. The Ethics Committee of Niigata University approved the research plan. The study was registered in the University hospital Medical Information Network Center database under the identifier UMIN000052928. The study was also conducted in accordance with the Act on the Protection of Personal Information in Japan, and patients provided written informed consent. In cases where consent could not be obtained (e.g., the patient transferred to a different hospital), patients were given the opportunity to opt out of the study. Medical information related to diagnoses was collected from electronic medical records, and entered into a unique database (Electronic data capture, EDC).

: Not applicable.

: Kensaku Kasuga serves as an Editorial Board Member for BMC Neurology. All authors received support for research funding, medical writing, statistical analysis, and article processing charge from Eisai Co., Ltd., related to the submitted work. Kensaku Kasuga received consulting fees, honoraria, support for attending meetings from Eisai Co., Ltd.; is a board member funded by Dream Medical Partners Co., Ltd.; is a member of the ethics committee and Committee for the Improvement of Medical Care for Japan Society for Dementia Research, outside the submitted work. Soichiro Shimizu received consulting fees, honoraria, support for attending meetings from Eisai Co., Ltd.; is a delegate of the Japan Society for Dementia Research, and councilor of the Japanese Society of Neurology and the Japanese Society for Vascular Cognitive Impairment, outside the submitted work. Noriyuki Kimura received consulting fees from Eisai Co., Ltd.; honoraria from Eisai Co., Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kowa Co., Ltd., and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; support for attending meetings from Eisai Co., Ltd.; and is a delegate of the Japanese Society of Neurology, councilor of the Japanese Society for Neuroinfectious Diseases, councilor and director of the Japan Society for Dementia Prevention, councilor of the Japanese Society of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders, and director of the Japanese Society for Vascular Cognitive Impairment, outside the submitted work. Koji Kasanuki received consulting fees from Eisai Co., Ltd.; honoraria from Eisai Co., Ltd. and Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.; support for attending meetings from Eisai Co., Ltd.; and is auditor of the Japanese Society for Dementia Research, and councilor of Japanese Psychogeriatric Society and Japanese Society for Psychiatric Diagnosis, outside the submitted work. Takuya Ataka received honoraria and support for attending meetings from Eisai Co., Ltd.; and honoraria from Kowa Co., Ltd., outside the submitted work. Hiroko Shiina is a full-time employee of Eisai Co., Ltd., and Yosuke Nakamura is a full-time employee of Eisai Inc., outside the submitted work.