Wang, Mingyu
Zhang, Le
Yang, Xiaoli
Cao, Xiaojie
Fan, Jin
Article History
Received: 21 January 2026
Accepted: 4 September 2026
First Online: 10 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study followed the TRIPOD reporting guideline for prediction model studies and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of the Western Theater Command. As this was a retrospective study, the requirement for written informed consent was waived. All patient-identifiable information was removed from the dataset prior to analysis.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.