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Article History

Received: 1 May 2026

Accepted: 7 September 2026

First Online: 12 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Western University Health Sciences Research Ethics Board (HSREB: 120286). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Western University Health Sciences Research Ethics Board due to the retrospective design of the study and the use of de-identified clinical data. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS 2). All data were de-identified prior to analysis.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: NY, DS, and SA declare no competing interests. CSC has served on advisory boards for Biogen Idec, EMD Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Alexion; Received Investigator Initiated Grant Funds from Biogen Idec; and acted as site PI for multi-center trials funded by Novartis, Roche. JMR has in the past 3 years served on advisory boards for Biogen Idec, EMD Serono, Novartis, Roche; Received Investigator Initiated Grant Funds from Biogen Idec; Acted as site sub-I for multi-center trials funded by AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, Novartis, Genzyme, Roche, and Sanofi Genzyme.