Lori, Jody R. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0564-5783
Perosky, Joseph
Munro-Kramer, Michelle L.
Veliz, Phil
Musonda, Gertrude
Kaunda, Jameson
Boyd, Carol J.
Bonawitz, Rachael
Biemba, Godfrey
Ngoma, Thandiwe
Scott, Nancy
Funding for this research was provided by:
MSD for Mothers (MRK 1846-06500.COL)
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1130334)
The ELMA Foundation (ELMA-15-F0017)
Article History
Received: 15 July 2018
Accepted: 27 June 2019
First Online: 4 July 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from Boston University Institutional Review Board (IRB), University of Michigan IRB, and the ERES Converge (Where Research, Ethics, and Science Converge) IRB, a private research ethics committee in Zambia governed by the National Health Research Ethics Committee. All informed consent was documented with a signature or mark. When a participant was unable to write, a mark (thumbprint) was made and the written informed consent was signed by a witness. For participants between the ages of 15–17 years of age, ascent was first obtained and then their guardian or husband provided written consent. This allowed the woman to first determine if she wished to join the study (ascent), therefore protecting her individual wishes. If a woman’s husband was 18 or older, he provided informed consent on behalf of his wife. All participants retained a copy of the informed consent form. The consent process was approved by all IRBs.
: Not applicable – no individual participant data are included.
: The authors declare they have no competing interest.