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Article History

Received: 18 March 2019

Accepted: 26 August 2019

First Online: 10 September 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The research protocol was approved by the African Population and Health Research Center internal ethics review Committee as well as the African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) Ethics Review Committee (AMREF-ESRC P435/2018). The study was also approved by the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI/P/18/33893/23290).Informed written consent was obtained from all participants in this study. The consent informed participants that all interviews would be recorded for better data quality. In Kenya, the legal age for consent is 18 years old, so participants of that age were legally able to consent without parental consent. If one is minor aged 15–17 years and had given birth before (as per our inclusion criteria), such a person is considered an emancipated/mature minor, thus were also able to consent for themselves. For people who could not read/write, the ICF content was read out to them and used thumb print with a literate witness signing as well.We followed the principle of voluntary participation in the study and no potential participants was coerced in any way to take part in this study.

: Not applicable

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.