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Article History

Received: 13 January 2021

Accepted: 5 March 2021

First Online: 17 March 2021

Declarations

:

: Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical review committee of the School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, the University of Gondar (Ref. No 1879/ 02/ 2020). An official letter was submitted to UOGCSH, Gynecology, and Obstetrics Department. Finally, after having permission from the Maternity and Neonatal Ward coordinator; the mothers, from whom the specimens were obtained, were informed about the purpose and benefit of the study along with its procedure and their right to refuse. Furthermore, the study participants were reassured for the attainment of confidentiality (and privacy), and informed written consent was obtained from each mother at the time of data collection. Health education was provided to each participant following the data collection and mothers with adverse birth outcomes were well reassured and helped to have an appropriate management plan. We can confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

: “Not applicable”.

: The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest in any aspect of the article.