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Article History

Received: 22 July 2021

Accepted: 17 December 2021

First Online: 15 February 2022

Declarations

:

: The JECS protocol was approved by the Ministry of the Environment Institutional Review Board on Epidemiological Studies (No. 100910001) and by the Ethics Committees of all participating institutions (National Center for Child Health and Development, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Medical University, Asahikawa Medical University, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Tohoku University, Fukushima Medical University, Chiba University, Yokohama City University, University of Yamanashi, Shinshu University, University of Toyama, Nagoya City University, Kyoto University, Doshisha University, Osaka University, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Hyogo College of Medicine, Tottori University, Kochi University, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kyushu University, Kumamoto University, University of Miyazaki, and University of the Ryukyus). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.