Teoh, Ai Ni
Kaur, Satvinder
Shafie, Siti Raihanah
Shukri, Nurul Husna Mohd
Bustami, Normina Ahmad
Takahashi, Masaki
Shibata, Shigenobu
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2018/SKK06/UCSI/02/2, FRGS/1/2018/SKK06/UCSI/02/2, FRGS/1/2018/SKK06/UCSI/02/2, FRGS/1/2018/SKK06/UCSI/02/2, FRGS/1/2018/SKK06/UCSI/02/2, FRGS/1/2018/SKK06/UCSI/02/2)
Article History
Received: 3 August 2022
Accepted: 17 June 2023
First Online: 4 July 2023
Declarations
:
: All pregnant women provided their written informed consent before data collection and salivary sampling began. The study was carried out in accordance with The Malaysian Code of Responsible Conduct in Research and the Helsinki Declaration for human studies. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (KKM/NIHSEC/P19-125) on 29th April 2019.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.