Yang, Qian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8778-4132
Magnus, Maria C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0568-3774
Kilpi, Fanny https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-2829
Santorelli, Gillian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-1783
Soares, Ana Goncalves https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2763-4647
West, Jane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5770-8363
Magnus, Per
Håberg, Siri E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2199-5225
Tilling, Kate https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1010-8926
Lawlor, Deborah A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6793-2262
Borges, M Carolina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7785-4547
Sanderson, Eleanor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5188-5775
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Scholarship Council (CSC201808060273)
H2020 European Research Council (847684)
Norges Forskningsråd (262700, 262700)
European Research Council (101071773, 101071773)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00032/02, MC_UU_00032/05, MR/P014054/1, MC_UU_00032/01)
British Heart Foundation (CH/F/20/90003)
NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (NF-0616-10102)
Article History
Received: 14 September 2023
Accepted: 29 November 2024
First Online: 18 December 2024
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Ethical approval for UKB was obtained from the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee and the Local Research Ethics Committees. Consent for biological samples has been collected in accordance with the Human Tissue Act (2004). Informed consent for the use of data collected via questionnaires and clinics was obtained from participants following the recommendation of the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee at the time. Ethical approval for BiB was obtained from the Bradford Research Ethics Committee. The establishment of MoBa and initial data collection was based on a license from the Norwegian Data Protection Agency and approval from The Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics. The MoBa cohort is now based on regulations related to the Norwegian Health Registry Act. The current study was approved by The Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics. The Coordinating Ethics Committee of the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District has approved the FinnGen consortium (Nr HUS/990/2017), and this study used its summary level data.
: KT has acted as a consultant for CHDI Foundation, and Expert Witness to the High Court in England, called by the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, defendants in a case on hormonal pregnancy tests and congenital anomalies 2021/22. DAL has received support from Medtronic LTD and Roche Diagnostics for biomarker research that is not related to the study presented in this paper. The other authors report no conflicts.