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Article History

Received: 17 September 2024

Accepted: 19 February 2025

First Online: 13 March 2025

Declarations

:

: In addition to obtaining institutional permission from the Duzce University Health Application and Research Center, the Duzce University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee granted approval on 2021/222. We used email correspondence to obtain permission from the researchers who created the first scale. The expectant fathers who agreed to participate in the study provided written informed consent. We adhered to the protocols outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (2015) throughout the entire research investigation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.