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Article History

Received: 12 September 2024

Accepted: 23 April 2025

First Online: 6 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Guangdong Women’s and Children’s Hospital (approval number: 202401206), which waived the requirement for written informed consent due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized, de-identified data. All data were processed to protect participant confidentiality in line with ethical guidelines.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.