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Article History

Received: 1 July 2024

Accepted: 10 June 2025

First Online: 22 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review board of the College of Health Science Mekelle University (Approval Reference Number: MU-IRB 1929/2021. A support letter from the chief clinical director of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital was obtained. Data were taken from patient records. Therefore, according to the Declaration of Helsinki, confidentiality of the data obtained from the medical records was maintained and patient identification variables such as names were omitted from the data extraction tools. The Mekelle University College of Health Science Review Board waived off the need for participant informed consent during ethical review, because it was not possible to reach individuals to whom the reviewed charts belong. Instead, a formal letter of cooperation was written to the ACSH administration from Mekelle University College of Health Science and written permission was obtained from medical director office at ACSH.

: The Mekelle University College of Health Science Review Board waived off the need for participant informed consent during ethical review, because it was not possible to reach individuals to whom the reviewed charts belong to (since we used secondary data) Instead, a formal letter of cooperation was written to ACSH administration from Mekelle University College of Health Science and written permission was obtained from medical director office at ACSH.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.