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Authors
De Genna, Natacha M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8264-3485
Kolko Conlon, Rachel P.
Spada, Meredith
Gopalan, Priya
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (R01DA046401)
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Article History
Received: 25 January 2025
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 9 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study adheres to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent prior to data collection. We obtained a waiver of the requirement to obtain parental permission to participate in the study from the pregnant adolescents under 18 based on the criteria in the federal regulations at 45 CFR 46 116.(d): that the research involves no more than minimal risk; the waiver will not adversely affect the rights and welfare of the subjects; the research could not practically be carried out without the waiver or alteration and whenever appropriate, the subjects will be provided with additional pertinent information. The study was approved by the University of Pittsburgh IRB at the Human Research Protection Office (STUDY18100150).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
