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Authors
Guan, Xiaohong
Liu, Dan
Zhou, Hong
Xu, Junting
Jia, Yanping
Li, Kunming
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (21ZR1450700)
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Article History
Received: 30 July 2023
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 3 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (No. KS22330). The requirement for written informed consent was waived owing to the retrospective nature of the study, and patient data were anonymized.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
