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Authors
Feng, Zhoushan
Jia, Chunhong
Tong, Xiao-mei
He, Zheng
Yang, Chunxia
Shen, Wei
Ding, Yueqin
Liu, Jin
Meng, Qiong
Zhang, Aiqin
Jiang, Hong
Yan, Wenkang
Qiu, Jianwu
Wei, Xian
Zhang, Yayu
Lin, Xiaobo
Liu, Lijun
Jin, Ya
Wei, Youfen
Zhang, Weixing
Yang, Xiufang
Wang, Yitong
Cai, Yangfan
Wu, Fan
Cui, Qiliang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82402011)
the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515220100)
the Plan on Enhancing Scientific Research in GMU (GMUCR2025-01003, GMUCR2025-01003, GMUCR2025-01003)
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Article History
Received: 19 October 2023
Accepted: 7 August 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Clinical Research and Application Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Approval No. [2020] 097). Upon hospital admission, all participants or their legal guardians provided written informed consent for clinical care, which included permission for the use of anonymized data for future research purposes in accordance with institutional policy. As this was a retrospective study utilizing fully de-identified data extracted from routine electronic medical records, the requirement for additional study-specific informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
