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Authors
Chapman, Evelina
Ramos, Silvina
Romero, Mariana
Sciurano, Guido
Ricca, Jim
Metcalfe, Gloria
Contreras, Jovita Ortiz
Dávila, Joaquín Gómez
Acevedo, Daniel Camilo Aguirre
Cordova, Jorge Hermida
Camacho-Hubner, Alma Virginia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The United Nations Population Fund
United States Agency for International Development (7200AA20CA00002)
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Article History
Received: 20 September 2023
Accepted: 15 August 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Institutional Review Board (Protocol #19481). It was also approved by the University of Chile Ethics Committee for Human Subjects (Reference #190–2021), the Ecuador Ministry of Public Health Ethics Committee (Reference #MSP-CZ9-HGDC-AU-2022-0178-E), and the University of Antioquia (Colombia) Faculty of Medicine Bioethics Committee (Act #023).
: The Ministries of Health of Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador have given consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from each participant after clarification of the study objectives and activities. This was written when the interview was done in person and verbal when done remotely.
